فصلنامه مطالعات میان رشته ای در علوم انسانی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 54، بهار 1401)

Justice is one of the most important issues in Iranian society. The main issue of the present study is epistemic justice and the gap between its definitions in everyday life and policy making domains. For that matter, we purposefully selected the pages of young users on social media networks of Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Telegram and then conducted their virtual ethnographic, thematic and semiotic analyses. Thereafter, policymaking texts were thematically analyzed, as well. While the findings of cyberspace confirmed the existence of hermeneutical (epistemic) injustice; we saw two types of otherization in space where the first is elitist and the second is based on reading of the dominant discourse of being the criterion that people are trying to confront with. The consequences of these otherizations include the contrast between official rulings and opinions of the people, the polarization of the society, being voiceless and probelmatization of difference. Epistemic justice at both national and transnational levels that are connected to each other manifested itself in the data. A review of relevant policy documents confirms the lack of opportunities for youth participation in macro decision-making, inattention to different lifestyles, otherization, pathological attitudes and policing and judicialization of issues. It seems that by eliminating the shortcomings of existing programs and operationalizing them, taking advantage of the academic capacity of universities and moving from abyssal thinking through radical plurality and de-linking, we can see the elimination of epistemic injustice, especially among the youth.

This paper seeks to explicate "bio-resistance" in an interdisciplinary perspective inspired by political philosophy, history, anthropology, and sociology. Here the concept of "bio-resistance" is formulated along the lines of thought drawn from an integrated reading of Spinoza and Deleuze. Using the genealogical method and the transcendental empiricism approach, this paper has also undertaken a historical study on the emergence of multitude as a product of the actualization of "bio-resistance". In the contemporary Iranian history, population as the multitude has been realized within the period between the collapse of the old and the blossoming of the new order during Constitutional Movement and Social Movements between1941 and 1953, as well as during in the 1979 Iranian Revolution. In each of these moments, Anjumans, Unions, and Shuras can be regarded as forms of multitude which displayed the collective resistance of subaltern groups against "bio-power". "Existence" is the immanent cause of life, and human beings faced with dangers threatening their existence, tend to be united under a common destiny. "Bio-resistance" is thus a collective political activity in the service of self-preservation, made possible by the transformation of subjugated body-subjects into liberated ones in pure optical and sound situations. The results of this study guide us to three fundamental principles: 1. To exist is to resist; 2. Preservation of existence a political praxis; 3. There can be no individual liberation without a collective effort.

In the contemporary higher education system, "interdisciplinary studies" has gained a prominent place and has become a basic need in academia and in the process of science production, which in addition to expanding knowledge and using the capacities of neighboring disciplines, opens up new frontiers in the field of research, responds to solving multifaceted problems as well as avoiding crises caused by a single discipline. The purpose of this study is that looking at the visible and hidden capabilities of the two fields of legal studies and literary studies and using the scientific mechanisms of each of them, can provide a basis for researchers in these two fields to help in new scientific approaches and meet the needs of human societies. The findings of the present study, which is based on a library-based methodology and qualitative data analysis, is that interdisciplinary studies in literature and law are a social and academic necessity, and the results can be used in both the realms of literature and law. They can also be effective in spreading the level of rationality and social justice, discovering new intellectual realms, analyzing and recognizing the mistakes of the proponents of these two scientific fields, raising the level of flexibility of researchers, closing the communication gaps between the two experts.

The status of handicrafts has always been controversial throughout history. In this regard, three periods can be distinguished: the first, in which, handicrafts are classified as poor cousins of fine arts, under the dual high/low, the second with the emergence of arts and crafts movement, where we see the position of artists and craftsmen, and finally, in the third period, we see the emergence of creative industries, which on the one hand is associated with the concept of self-improvement (amateur) and on the other with the reproduction of the discourse hegemony of sublime arts. Many academic writings have focused on the emergence of these new models of creative economics in the shadow of Web 2 culture. Research has shown that Etsy, as an e-commerce market, blurs the line between professional and amateur works and complicates the debate. The question that arises here is whether in today's world, with the movement of handicrafts towards the ‘“post-professional” era’, have the concepts of "amateur" and "professional" lost their application? The starting point of this article is here and it intends to answer this through qualitative-exploratory studies, also in order to address the position of modern handicrafts in Iran. For this purpose, two types of builders are separated from each other: professionals and amateurs. Each brigade has its own unique characteristics. Professionals are art graduates who describe their work in terms of specific concepts. Amateurs, on the other hand, are self-taught artists.

New Iranian woman with relative freedoms, especially in the social activities domain, appeared as a result of the modernization process at metropolitan levels during the Pahlavi era. But this freedom was not liked by Iranian men, even the intellectual lot. For instance, the new wave of cinema prior to the Islamic revolution took the intellectual form at the time when itself had a critical stance toward the modernization process of the Shah, and sometimes showed even anti-modernist approach, now by portraying new woman with her outward deception and esoteric emptiness, it tried to reprehend the same by presenting her as a symbol of modern lifestyle and a symbol of the decline of the original Iranian culture. With a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, the present paper tries to study the depiction of new woman in the two films related to new wave cinema in Iran, Mr. Naive and The Balooch. It concludes that new woman, like other phenomena of modern life, takes away the old patriarchal control and that persuades filmmakers to portray her as an attractive, superficial, and dangerous commodity of modern metropolis. In other words, new woman becomes a phenomenon that, in line with other modern phenomena and even at the top and most important of them puts down Iranian men and culture. In fact, in the form of localism and criticism of the Shah's incomplete modernization, these films rise up against modernity and defend patriarchal traditions and regain lost control. The representation of gender is of great importance in the sociological studies of art, and the article hopes to point out the depth of gender problems in Iranian society by examining the portrayal of new woman in the troubling new wave of cinema.

Economic empowerment is one of the variables affecting women's social health in a society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the dimension of economic empowerment and social health of female-headed households, especially among self-help and non-self-help groups as an interdisciplinary subject. Theories of social health and empowerment have been used to study the effect of independent variable on dependent ones. The main question of this article is whether there is a relationship between economic empowerment of women household heads and their social health? The research method is survey-based and through a prepared questionnaire. The statistical population is female-headed household members and those under the auspices of the Tehran Welfare Organization who were selected randomly. The sample size is 200 women. Findings showed that the average score of the five dimensions of social health in female-headed households in the self-help group was significantly higher at 95% confidence level than female-headed households in the non-self-employed group. The average score of four dimensions of economic empowerment in female-headed households in the self-help group was higher than non-self-employed female-headed households. Accordingly, based on the outcome, economic empowerment of women in these two groups found to have a significant effect on their social health.